Scientific basics of apple’s production for industrial manufacture in repeated culture
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StatusThe thesis was presented on the 12 January, 2007Approved by NCAA on the 1 March, 2007 Abstract – 0.91 Mb / in romanianThesisCZU 634.11: 631.543.8: 631.543.81: 631.524.84
4.72 Mb /
in romanian246 pages |
Keywords
variety, tree, earth’s tiredness, earth’s rest period, repeated culture, compatibility in repeated culture, apple’s industrial manufacture, scheme of apple’s trees plantation, systems of tree’s conduction and cutting, construction of plantation, economical and energetical efficiencySummary
In center part of RM, in the period of 1984-2003 years, were studied: the influence of fruit trees monoculture on the earth, on its productivity and phyto-sanitary state, that consist the “earth’s tiredness” notion; the strategies for its fighting; and the possibility of the apple’s trees plantation after the putting out of other fruit trees on the manufacture’s firms territories; formation of the assortment and technological elements in the plantation and exploitation process for the apple’s orchards.
Was proved, the long monoculture of fruit – bearing’s trees degrades the earth’s physics- chemical proprieties: diminution of productivity; phyto-sanitary state. All these have a negative influence on the fruit – bearing of apples trees planted after other trees.
There is a possibility of news trees plantation after a “rest period” : 4-5 years after the apple’s trees; 2-3 years after the pear –trees; 1-2 years after the plum – trees, peach – trees, cherry – trees. In this period must be cultivated such plants like: alfalfa, maize, rye and oat. The crops, which products are used in the nourishment and like the feedstock of the manufacture firms, are forbidden.
There are some principles of the assortment, satisfy the technical needs and the work’s rhythm of the manufacture’s firms: 10% - early summer’s kind; 15% - summer’s kind; 25% - autumn’s kind; 50% - later kind.
The next elements are developed and suggested to use in the plantation’s and exploitation’s process of the apple’s orchards:
- • The formation of files wreath (M4) using the semi flat system with 4 main twigs; MM106- using the system. Ypcylon with 4 main twigs and opened center;
- • The distance between the rows – 5m ; and in the row – 3m with the main twigs inclination 40-450 for the middle trees (2m) ; and 65-700 for the small frees.
The assortment and the technological process suggested ensure a normal productivity in the 3-4 years; the growth of the productivity’s quality ≈18,6-28,6 tone/ha the recoverment of the investment in the 5-6 years , the level of the rent profitability that can touch the 74-78.
Oficial Reviewers
- Toma Simion (decedat)
doctor habilitat, professor, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the ASM - Nicolae Cepoiu
doctor în agricultură, profesor universitar, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicina Veterinară, Bucureşti, România - Gică Grădinăriu
doctor în agricultură, profesor universitar, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicina Veterinară, Iaşi, România
Theses
