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The efficientization of creation technology of maize homozygous lines (Zea mays L.)


Author: Sarmaniuc Mariana
Degree:doctor of biology
Speciality: 03.00.15 - Genetics
Year:2015
Scientific adviser: Galina Lupaşcu
doctor habilitat, professor, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the ASM
Institution: Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the ASM

Status

The thesis was presented on the 25 September, 2015
Approved by NCAA on the 19 November, 2015

Abstract

Adobe PDF document – 0.77 Mb / in romanian

Thesis

CZU 575: 632.938.1+635.64

Adobe PDF document 3.94 Mb / in romanian
136 pages

Keywords

maize, technology, inducers, haploids, anthocyanin marker genes, chromosome doubling, doubled haploid lines, homozygous lines

Summary

The thesis consistsof introduction, 3 chapters, conclusions and recommendations, bibliography 258 titles, contains 136 pages, 31 tables, 48 figures. The results of the research are published in 9 scientific papers.

Research domain: Plant genetics.

The goal of the research: the efficientization of creation technology of maize homozygous lines by exploring of maternal haploids induction in maize (Zea mays L.).

The objectives: increase the haploid induction rate; strengthening the genetic system of haploids identification at various stages of development from different corn varieties; the improvement of quantitative traits of haploid inducer (plant height, tassel length, duration of tassel flowering, amount of pollen, plant resistance to falls, male fertility) that significantly influence the number of crossings; elucidation of the haploid induction mechanism; optimization of technique for chromosomes doubling in haploid plants with mitotic inhibitor – colchicines.

Scientific novelty: were created, for the first time, lines with haploid induction rate of 9-15%, with anthocyanin marker genes system (R1-nj, B1, Pl1) which allows efficient identification of haploids at different stages of development in different genotypes of maize, and improved quantitative traits favors making a large number of crossings.

Theoretical significance: the results of hetero-fertilization analysis, male gametophyte ability to develop different kind of seeds, influence of pollination period of ears on haploid rate may help to explain the mechanism of haploid lines development using inducers.

The important scientific problem solved consist in the scientific fundamenting of the efficientization concept of creation technologies of double haploid lines in order of a controlled exploring of marker genes system of anthocyans synthesis, the increase of the performance of quantitative characters and the optimization of chromosomes doubling process, fact which contributed to the increase of haploid genotypes yield obtaining and reducing the creation period of homozygous lines.

Applicative value: LHI lines can be fully used in production of maternal haploids from different genotypes with genetic and ameliorative interest. To restore male fertility was optimized the colchicines treatment of haploid plantlets directly under field conditions, as method of chromosomes doubling. Implementation of scientific results: in maize breeding programs in the Phytotechnical Institute „Porumbeni” and Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of ASM.