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Assessment of the impact of the Thermal Power Plant on the ecological status of Cuciurgan cooling reservoir


Author: Tihonencova Lilia
Degree:doctor of biology
Speciality: 03.00.16 - Ecology
Year:2017
Scientific adviser: Laurenţia Ungureanu
doctor habilitat, professor, Institute of Zoology
Scientific consultant: Elena Zubcov
doctor habilitat, professor, Institute of Zoology
Institution: Institute of Zoology

Status

The thesis was presented on the 26 December, 2016
Approved by NCAA on the 16 February, 2017

Abstract

Adobe PDF document – 0.77 Mb / in romanian
Adobe PDF document – 0.99 Mb / in russian

Thesis

CZU 504.054:556.55(478)(043.2)

Adobe PDF document 3.41 Mb / in russian
154 pages

Keywords

aquatic ecosystems, thermal power plant, cooling reservoir, ecological monitoring, thermofication, mineralization, biogenic elements, metals, hydrobionts.

Summary

Field of study: ecology and hydrobiology.

Aim of the thesis: to study the influence of the Moldovan TPP functioning on the ecological status of cooling reservoir based on the comprehensive monitoring of the dynamics of salt composition, biogenic elements, organic matter, microelements-metals and the assessment of their long-term dynamics in water, bottom sediments, hydrobionts, fish organs and tissues.

Objectives: to carry out complex researches on the current state of cooling reservoir of the Moldovan TPP by taking into consideration the historical data; to determine and analyse the impact of power plant exploitation on the main hydrochemical parameters - salt composition, biogenic elements, dissolved gases and organic matter; to study the dynamics of the content and migration of microelements-metals in water, bottom sediments, plants, benthic invertebrates and fish of cooling reservoir in dependence of the amount and quality of burned at TPP fuel; to research the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitations in the area of Moldovan TTP, in order to establish the influence of smoke emissions; to reveal the level and regularities of metal accumulation in hydrobionts and to determine the possibility of their usage as monitororganisms in the assessment of TPP impact on aquatic ecosystems.

Scientific novelty and originality. There was studied, for the first time, the dynamics of As, Bi and Sr in reservoir water. There was assessed in a complex manner the current ecological status of Cuciurgan reservoir; determined the influence of the Moldovan TPP on the dynamics of main ions, biogenic elements, organic matter, gaze regime and microelements-metals; established the regularities of migration of V, Мо, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd in the „water- silts – hydrobionts” system.

Scientific problem solved consists in the scientific substantiation of the complex monitoring of migration of macro- and microelements in the technogenicaly modified aquatic ecosystem, that allowed assessing the impact of thermoenergetic enterprise on its ecological status, and offered the opportunity to justify scientifically the measures of reviving the cooling reservoir through compliance with the norms of planned water exchange and rules of the rational use of natural resources, according to the results of ecologic monitoring.

Theoretical significance. Identified regularities of migration of macrocomponents and microelements-metals under the permanent impact of TPP allow extending the knowledge on the functioning of technologically-transformed aquatic ecosystems and contribute to the development of theoretical bases of the ecology of aquatic ecosystems. The regularities of metal accumulation in hydrobionts were established and the possibility of their usage as monitororganisms in the frame of biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems was demonstrated. Practical value. The results, as the methodology of carried our researches, with the usage of modern equipment and analyse methods, shall be applied by the bodies responsible for environment protection, staff of MTTP, and researchers at the assessment of ecological status of aquatic bodies and, also, training of specialists and students in higher education institutions.

Implementation of scientific results. The research results were implemented at the Dniester State University “Taras Shevcenko“, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography in the teaching of such disciplines as hydrobiology, hydroecology, bioecologic monitoring and the chemistry of environment.