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The optimization of growth and crown structure in the fruit nursery of the grafted apple trees on the rootstock M 9


Author: Eugeniu Gudumac
Degree:doctor of agriculture
Speciality: 06.01.07 - Fruit Production
Year:2008
Scientific adviser: Vasile Babuc
doctor habilitat, professor, Agrarian State University of Moldova
Institution:
Scientific council:

Status

The thesis was presented on the 31 March, 2008
Approved by NCAA on the 19 June, 2008

Abstract

Adobe PDF document – 0.33 Mb / in romanian

Thesis

CZU 634.1.03: 631.543.8

Adobe PDF document 1.64 Mb / in romanian
137 pages

Keywords

Apple tree, Apple tree efficiency, Benchgrafting, Bud grafting, Distance of plantation, “Knip-baum” system, Method of crown formation, Variety

Summary

In 2004-2007 in the central part of the Republic of Moldova there were studied the distances of plantation in the first field of the bud grafted and benchgrafted rootstock M 9, 6 methods of crown formations of the benchgrafted apple trees on the rootstock M9 with 3 varieties: Golden Reinder’s, Jonagored and Idared.

It was established that the most efficient distance of plantation for benchgrafting in the first field of plantation, then the apple tree cronation in the second field was 90x30-35 cm, depending on the varieties’ growth vigour.

On the crown formation in the second field of the fruit nursery after the Dutch “knip-baum” system, the best indicators were registered in the crown zone, in the planning stage, at 5-6 and 7-8 branches from sylleptic shoots and having a length of not less than 36-56 cm, it depends also on the variety, obtained from the remove of apical leaves 5-6 times from the axle’s offshoot. The first removal of leaves was made when the axle’s offshoot reached the length of 15-20 cm, and the following removals were made at intervals of 5-7 days.

Referring to the crowned benchgrafted apple trees, in the second field of the combined (mixed) method, there were registered the best growth indicators in spring at the grafting cut at a height of 75 cm with the crown’s base formation from normal buds of the previous vegetation with 4 well-developed branches, having a length of not less than 60 cm and higher on the axle of 2-3 branches obtained from sylleptic shoots, induced by removing 4 times the optical leaves of the axle’s offshoot.