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Life quality of the population in the Republic of Moldova in transition period: problems and social tendencies (sociologic analyze and evaluation)


Author: Tudor Danii
Degree:doctor habilitat of sociology
Speciality: 22.00.04 - Social Structure, Social Institutions and Processes
Year:2004
Scientific consultant: Andrei Timuş
doctor habilitat, professor,
Institution:

Status

The thesis was presented on the 22 March, 2004
Approved by NCAA on the 24 June, 2004

Abstract

Adobe PDF document0.45 Mb / in romanian

Keywords

national particularities, social evaluation, subjective perception of life quality, social impact, life quality, living standard, life style, unemployment, poverty, minimum living, subexistence, social exclusion, values, social transformations and changes, transition, economy in transition, reforms, social sphere, structure and social institutions, social indices, economic indices, human development indices, life quality indices, etc.

Summary

The work represents an inter-disciplinary research. The empirical support of the work constitutes the results of sociologic investigations, undertaken by the author in the Republic of Moldova during the years of transition (1991-2003). For the first time in the national scientific community an integral study was dedicated to the indices of the quality life, using objective and subjective methods of evaluation. Theoretic-applicative sociological study proposes and scientifically argues the analyses model and the one of monitoring the quality life in conditions of transition economy, based on the system of needs and possibilities, reflecting diversity of economic ‚behavior’, adopted to the conditions of transformation of Moldovan society. The introduction sets up the relevance of the work, level of elaboration and innovation of the topic, targets and objectives, research methodology and analyses of the study’s topic. Chapter I „Methodological principles of study of the quality life” is dedicated to the genesis analyses and evolution of the concept „life quality”, the theoretic-methodological support is determined, indicators, measurement and evaluation modality of life quality are presented. Modeling and life quality monitoring in the Republic of Moldova at the current stage was conducted based on financial, physical and intellectual needs.

The empiric basis of the thesis constituted the results of a number of the national, regional and local sociologic studies, conducted in the country during the period of 1991-2003 with direct participation of the author. The main empiric source in studying the issue of life quality constitutes Sociologic Monitoring „Barometer of the society”, initiated by the author of the thesis together with the scientific consultant Andrei Timus in 1991, at the time of proclaiming the independency of the Republic of Moldova and annually conducted by the SISI „Opinia” in collaboration with the Sociology Department from the Academy of Science of the RM.

Basic operational notions that are used in the work are presented in Chapter II „Society transformations and their impact on social life”: social change, social development, social transformation, transition. The chronology of events that occurred in the Republic is included, as well as the analyses is made for the complex and difficult sociologic process of drastic transformations within multiple aspects of social life.

Social-demographic changes of the Republic of Moldova are presented in a table included in the Chapter III „Demographic situation and public health during the years of reform”, making comparison with the other countries from the former soviet area, making special emphasis to the appearance of dis-population of the country. Transition errors had negative impact on the health state of the population from the Republic, which indices mentioned a dramatic diminution during the years of transition – a fact that is proved in the work by objective and subjective research indices.

In Chapter IV „Life quality during the years of transition: tendencies and factors of influence” life conditions and the state of spirit of the population were evaluated through objective and subjective methods, general life quality of the population during 1991-2003. Changes occurred in the life style and value orientations of different social segments were described as well. The evolution of the life standards of a Moldovan village was outlined base don statistical and sociological data.

The phenomena of poverty, the process of „layering” of the population according to the living standards and poverty dimensions, relevant to changes in the social status are presented in the Chapter V „Social consequences of reforms upon Moldovan living standards». At the same time, a newly appeared phenomenon in Moldovan society is reflected – unemployment and migration – taking into account all its dramatic consequences for the prestige and strengths of the state. Social segment from the Republic mostly affected by diminishing of quality life indices are elderly persons, children and young people, who found themselves in the situation of social exclusion during the years of transition, having limited possibilities for self-survival and self-affirmation.

Conclusions and recommendations give us a synthesis of the results of the study, evaluation of the quality life indices, proposing modalities for over passing the negative consequences of Moldovan society towards market economy relations and building a wealthy state.