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Important agro-biological traits of sunflower germplasm for obtaining of high performance hybrids


Author: Cucereavîi Aliona
Degree:doctor of agriculture
Speciality: 06.01.05 - Breeding and Seed Production
Year:2019
Scientific adviser: Maria Duca
doctor habilitat, professor, Moldova State University
Institution: Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the ASM

Status

The thesis was presented on the 2 November, 2018
Approved by NCAA on the 25 January, 2019

Abstract

Adobe PDF document1.14 Mb / in romanian

Thesis

CZU [630.165.7+575.16+632.53]:633.854.78

Adobe PDF document 6.79 Mb / in romanian
133 pages


Keywords

sunflower, Helianthus annuus, variability, resistance, downy mildew, rust, androsterility, genes of interest - Rf, Pl, R

Summary

The thesis includes introduction, four chapters, general conclusions and recommendations, the bibliography from 252 sources, a total of 133 pages, 32 tables, 31 figures. The results obtained are published in 19 scientific papers.

Field of study: 411.04 - Plant breeding and seed production Purpose of the paper: Diversification and evaluation of sunflower germplasm, obtaining and testing of valuable hybrids and their promotion on the seed markets, including European.

Research objectives: creating and evaluation of parental sunflower lines related to some characters of interest for obtaining competitive commercial hybrids; characteristic of phenological phases in lines and obtained hybrids; identification of genetic polymorphism using SSR markers; molecular screening and determination of the specific resistance potential of genetic resources; creating, testing and promoting of valuable hybrids.

Novelty and scientific originality: For the first time in the Republic of Moldova, a broad assessment of the parental sunflower lines with different genetic origin (local, European, VIR and VNIIMK collections) was performed on the basis of agro-economic, morphological and physiological indices with the involvement of some of them in creating highly productive hybrids, resistant to the pathogen complex and stress factors. The vegetation period and the average duration of the main phenological phases of the material included in the study were established. The potential for downy mildew and rust resistance of sunflower germplasm of the company "AMG - Agroselect Comert" SRL was revealed.

The important scientific problem solved is the scientific validity of the application of different techniques for the creation of the initial breeding material, using the molecular and traditional breeding methods, which allowed the efficient evaluation and selection of perspective sunflower genotypes, as well as their classification in the groups of interest based on economic, morphological and physiological indices and the presence of disease resistance genes (Pl and R), which ensures the efficiency of the breeding process and creation of highly competitive hybrids.

Theoretical significance: The data obtained contributes with new information in highlighting the heterosis manifestation rules and the inheritance of valuable characters such as genes for biotic resistance and the identification of germplasm of interest for breeding.

Application value of the paper: Inbreeded lines MS-1589A, MS-2039, MS-2098A, MS2091A, MS-2077A, MS-2067A, MS-2161A, MS-2440C, MS-2570C, MS-2540C, MS-2203C and MS-1920C have been included in the breeding program for the creation of valuable competitive sunflower hybrids with different maturity groups adapted for cultivation in different regions. New hybrids with high production yields created and tested have been submitted for testing to the State Commissions for Plant Variety Testing. Lines containing the resistance genes Pl1, Pl6 and R1 were recommended for use in the breeding process to create the initial downy mildew and rust resistant material.

Implementation of scientific results: The collection of maternal and paternal lines, created and evaluated in the present work are used in the company "AMG - Agroselect Comerţ" SRL to obtain hybrids competitive on the local and international market. The set of approved hybrids (7 hybrids) are cultivated annually on the surfaces over 200,0 thousand hectares, including 50 thousand ha in the Republic of Moldova, 60 thousand ha - in Ukraine and 90 thousand ha in Russia.