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Comparative analysis of personality optimism in different periods of maturity


Author: Saidov Nurmuhammadjon
Degree:doctor of psychology
Speciality: 19.00.07 - Pedagogical Psychology, Psychology of Development, Psychology of Personality
Year:2020
Scientific adviser: Jana Racu
doctor habilitat, professor, Moldova State University
Institution: Chisinau Pedagogical State University "Ion Creanga"

Status

The thesis was presented on the 25 October, 2019
Approved by NCAA on the 28 February, 2020

Abstract

Adobe PDF document0.69 Mb / in romanian
Adobe PDF document0.64 Mb / in russian

Thesis

CZU 159.922(043.3)

Adobe PDF document 5.56 Mb / in russian
236 pages


Keywords

optimism, pessimism, self-efficacy, resilience, optimistic attributive style, pessimistic attributive styl

Summary

The structure of the thesis. The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, general conclusions and recommendations (143 page of the main text), bibliography (196 sources), 9 annexes, 28 figures and 42 tables. The research results are published in 8 scientific papers.

Research objectives: the study of concepts and analysis of theoretical approaches and scientific studies of optimism and pessimism; study of the personality optimism and related characteristics at different stages of maturity; comparative analysis of optimism in men and women; development of a training program aimed at developing optimism among the subjects included in the experimental group, and testing its effectiveness; development of recommendations for the development of individual optimism in maturity based on the results obtained.

Research tasks: the study of psychological theories concepts and analysis of optimism, pessimism and learned helplessness; development of criteria and indicators characterizing the development level of optimism; determination of psychological diagnostics methods of the development level of optimism at different stages of maturity, both as a whole and taking into account the selected criteria and indicators; development of a training program aimed at developing optimism among the subjects included in the experimental group; analysis of diagnostic results, showing the degree of optimism at the ascertaining and formative stages of the experiment, in order to assess the effectiveness of the experimental effects.

Scientific novelty and originality. For the first time, an attempt was made to study the effect of optimism on the development of a person in different periods of maturity; the differences in the manifestation of the optimistic attributive style, as well as gender features of optimism at different stages of maturity are revealed. Solved a significant scientific problem is to establish the personality optimism at different stages of maturity, identify differences in the manifestation of optimism between men and women of this age group, as well as create a training program that allows you to effectively influence the development of an optimistic attributive style and promote the level of optimism of a mature personality.

The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that the data obtained in the study complement and concretize the scientific knowledge of the optimism formation mechanisms. Work to a certain extent fills the gap in the study of the optimism in psychology. The data on age and gender differences in attribution in adulthood were obtained, which can serve as a basis for studying the dynamics of changes in differences in the development of optimism as a personal characteristic.

The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that it can serve as the basis for the development of programs for the correction of the level of optimism and recommendations for the prevention of pessimistic attributive styles. The psychodiagnostic methods used in the work, focused on the study of the motivational, emotional, volitional and cognitive components of optimism, can also be used for more detailed and structured study of these components for different age periods.

The introduction of scientific results. The results of the study were used in psychological counseling and in the development of lecture courses in general psychology, personality psychology and developmental psychology. In addition, they were used in the activities of the Center for the Development of Man's Opportunities “Everything is in us”, which is carried out in Chisinau, Kiev, Kharkov and other cities of Ukraine, whose training included in the program we are proposing to increase the level of optimism.